This research aims to formulate a custom-based ecotourism model as a sustainable development strategy in the Kebesani Tourism Forest conservation area, Detukeli District, Ende Regency. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a case study method, through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The focus of this research is the integration of local cultural values and traditional wisdom in natural resource management to create a balance between environmental conservation and improving community welfare. The results show that customary value systems, such as prohibition rules (pire), rites of respect for nature, and collective land ownership, play an important role in maintaining the sustainability of forest areas. One example is the traditional ritual "Tu mbotu Rendu koba leke" performed by traditional leaders (Mosalaki Pu'u) during the long dry season to ask the ancestors for rain. After the ritual is performed, rain falls, and this is believed to be evidence of local spiritual power that is part of the community's social capital. In the customary view, the forest is considered a sacred area guarded by guardian spirits (nitu), and strict prohibitions such as "Ma'e titi oto, ma'e pura Ndu'a" (it is forbidden to cut down the forest carelessly) become norms that are obeyed to preserve the forest and water sources. The active participation of indigenous communities in designing and managing ecotourism strengthens sustainable social control mechanisms. The proposed custom-based ecotourism model emphasizes the principles of community participation, ecological justice and economic sustainability. These findings provide theoretical and applicative contributions to the development of conservation area management policies based on local wisdom.
Sagajoka et al. (2025) studied this question.