Cultural Intelligence (CQ) as a Pillar of Defence: Integration of CQ into the Framework of Malaysian Military Diplomacy

Military diplomacy today requires cross-cultural competence as a strategy to defend national sovereignty in a globalised world. This article examines the role of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) in enhancing the effectiveness of Malaysia's military diplomacy and proposes a model for integrating CQ with Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. Using a conceptual methodology and case study analysis, the findings demonstrate that mastery of CQ can enhance strategic confidence in multinational operations. In contrast, the use of AI facilitates the analysis of cultural perceptions. This article proposes the institutionalisation of CQ training in the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF), the application of AI in cultural analytics, and the enhancement of diplomatic policies grounded in MADANI values. The implications of this study emphasise the need for a smart military diplomacy approach based on cultural values and technological innovation in strengthening Malaysia's position in the international arena.