Dielectric and Photocatalytic Studies on Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ Ceramic Synthesized by Chemical Wet Route

Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BTO) ceramic nanoparticle was synthesized by utilizing a cost‐effective wet route. XRD analysis confirms the formation of a single‐phase formation of BTO ceramic. The average crystallite size was calculated using Debye–Scherer equation and found to be 28.68 nm. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis verified that the Bi, Ti, and O were present in +3, +4, and −2 oxidation states. The presence of each element in BTO was confirmed by EDS. The highest dielectric constant for BTO ceramic was found 602 at 564 K and 100 Hz. Also, the lowest value for dielectric constant was found 99 at 564 K and 1 MHz. The tangent loss (tan δ ) value of the BTO ceramic was found 0.42 at 563 K and 1 kHz. During photocatalytic studies, it was found that BTO degraded 63% Congo Red dye in 2.5 h, which is indicating about its potential for application in the field of wastewater treatment.