Prevalence of Olfactory Fossa Variants and Their Association with Age and Gender: A CT-Based Observational Study using Keros Classification

Objective: To determine the prevalence of olfactory fossa variants based on Keros classification and to assesstheir association with age and gender using computed tomography.Study Design: Retrospective observational study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Pakistan OrdinanceFactory (POF) Hospital, Wah Cantt, Pakistan from January 2022 to January 2024.Methods: Patients of either gender above 10 years were included in the study who had undergone CT PNS. Aqualified radiologist measured the olfactory fossa depth using reference landmarks. Both descriptive andinferential statistical techniques were utilized in the examination of the Keros type distribution among thepatients. Inferential statistics, particularly chi-square tests, were employed to examine the relationshipsbetween categorical variables such as gender and age groups and the distribution of Keros types. P-values wereused to assess the statistical significance of these correlations.Results: A Total of 123 patients were included in the study, including 69 females (56.1%) and 54 males (43.9%).Minimum age was 10 year and maximum age was 87 years. The results show type II Keros fossa is the mostprevalent type, followed by type I, while type III is rare. A symmetrical olfactory fossa is more common thanasymmetrical. Age groups and Keros Type on both sides do not significantly correlate, according to the chi square test.Conclusion: Chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps are prevalent conditions, and their treatment has beentransformed with the advent of advanced surgical procedures, notably Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.The depth of the olfactory fossa varies, making the Keros classification particularly important because itassesses the variations in olfactory fossa depth and symmetry, which is important for surgeons to avoidiatrogenic injuries. How to cite this: Madiha, Raza SJ, Mukhtar R, Ajmal A, Akbar F, Maka TA. Prevalence of Olfactory Fossa Variants and Their Association with Age and Gender: A CT-Based Observational Study using Keros Classification. Life and Science. 2025; 6(3): 338-343. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.787