Association Between Diabetes and Peri‐Implantitis: Evidence From a Swedish Register‐Based Study

Aim To evaluate the association between diabetes (types 1 and 2) and peri‐implantitis through a register‐based cohort study. Methods Four groups of individuals with dental implants were identified using multiple Swedish nationwide registers—two groups with diabetes (type 1, T1D; type 2, T2D) and two groups without diabetes (non‐T1D, non‐T2D). Longitudinal data from 2010 to 2020 were analysed. Peri‐implantitis was defined as any registered treatment of peri‐implantitis. Prevalence of peri‐implantitis ( n = 18,975) was evaluated using covariate‐adjusted logistic regression analyses. Incidence ( n = 2030) was compared using survival analyses across groups matched by age, gender, education, income and the number of implants, through propensity scores. Results Peri‐implantitis was more frequent among those with T1D compared to non‐T1D (21.1% vs. 15.2%; OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05–2.04), whereas the prevalence was similar in T2D and non‐T2D (20.5% vs. 18.2%; OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98–1.16). The hazard ratios for incident peri‐implantitis were 1.52 (95% CI: 0.96–2.42) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02–1.82) for T1D and T2D, respectively. Conclusions T1D and T2D were associated with a higher risk for peri‐implantitis. While the elevated risk for peri‐implantitis in T1D was particularly apparent in prevalence estimates, the association for T2D was evident mainly in terms of incidence.