The Impact of Peer Education, Utilizing the Pender Model, On Health Literacy, Lifestyle Adjustments, And Health-Promoting Behaviors Aimed at Preventing Type-2 Diabetes Among University Students

Abstract Objectives Lifestyle modifications are closely linked to controlling and preventing chronic diseases like diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of peer education on both health literacy and lifestyle modifications, based on Pender's health promotion model, to prevent type 2 diabetes among university students. Methods The study conducted was a quasi-experimental intervention, based on Pender's health promotion model, among 120 university students (60 cases for each intervention and control group). For the educational intervention program, one trainer was assigned for every ten participants from the intervention group. The data were gathered through the use of three questionnaires: demographic characteristics, health literacy, and health-promoting lifestyle. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results Educational programs utilizing Pender's health promotion model have shown notable improvements in students' lifestyles. Our findings indicated that post-intervention, the intervention group displayed significantly higher mean scores in lifestyle dimensions and health literacy compared to the control group, except for spiritual growth. Conclusion Given the impact of unhealthy lifestyles on the risk of diabetes, these findings underscore the importance of effective educational interventions and programs that are grounded in health promotion models. Adopting these behaviors and lifestyle changes can lead to decreased healthcare expenses, reduced stress, and minimized side effects associated with diseases. Moreover, by promoting health literacy and improving understanding of diabetes, we can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health and ultimately promote healthier lifestyles, leading to improved quality of life for the population.