Engineering Bacteria as Living Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy

Cancer is the second‐leading cause of death globally, yet traditional therapies like chemotherapy face significant limitations. Recent advances in synthetic biology enable the design of various genetic circuits and the reprogramming of biological systems. Collectively, these efforts have led to the repurposing of engineered bacteria as therapeutics to achieve tumor targeting, tumor microenvironment modulation, and anticancer drug release. Here, these recent efforts are reviewed and discussed the challenges and future opportunities.