An Updated Review on Pharmacological Aspects and Nanotechnological Advancements of Frankincense Boswellic Acids

The goal of this review is to provide a thorough overview of Boswellic acids (BAs), including their therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetic constraints and how nanotechnology can improve their biological applications. BAs have the remarkable therapeutic potential, but face limitations due to their poor bioavailability, low solubility and less permeability. This review explores the emerging nanocarrier systems to overcome these issues. It also highlights the clinical studies and key limitations in clinical translation of BAs. In this review, the pharmacokinetic profile, physiochemical parameters and therapeutic effects implicated by BAs have been discussed. Furthermore, this review comprehensively focuses on the nanotechnological advancements conducted on BAs including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, nanocolloids, polymeric micelle and self-nano emulsifying delivery systems (SNEDS). Furthermore, pertinent clinical studies assessing BAs is provided to evaluate their advancement toward practical applications. Although BAs exhibit significant therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetic restrictions limit their clinical utility. Focussed studies on nanotechnology-based delivery systems, standardized clinical trial design, comprehensive pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and long-term safety assessments are required to optimize these approaches to overcome these barriers.