Therapeutic potential of L-Carnitine in improving adenine-induced hematological abnormalities in rats: A preclinical pharmacological study

Background: Adenine is a naturally occurring purine essential for life, but its excess intake can cause metabolic disturbances leading to cardiovascular complications, renal stones, gout, fatigue, and anemia. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential hematological protective effects of L-Carnitine in rats subjected to adenine-induced toxicity. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6). Group 1 received 3 ml of normal saline orally. Group 2 received 100 mg/kg of adenine orally. Group 3 received oral administration of both adenine (100 mg/kg) and L-Carnitine (750 mg/kg). Group 4 received oral L-Carnitine (750 mg/kg) for 30 days. The hematological parameters were assessed using an automated hematology analyzer. Results: Rats treated with adenine alone showed a significant reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and platelet counts and a marked increase in white blood cell levels (p < 0.05). Co-administration of L-Carnitine significantly ameliorated these hematological alterations. Conclusion: L-Carnitine exhibited a hematoprotective effect against adenine-induced toxicity, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in managing metabolic disturbances associated with purine overload.