Key result
l-carnitine ameliorates drug-induced nephrotoxicity in animal studies, particularly against cisplatin-induced damage, though reliable clinical evidence in humans remains inadequate.
Why the study?
Does l-carnitine prevent drug-induced nephrotoxicity in clinical and animal models?
Does l-carnitine prevent drug-induced nephrotoxicity in clinical and animal models?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
While l-carnitine shows promise in animal models for preventing drug-induced nephrotoxicity, clinical translation is limited by a lack of reliable human studies and the practical challenges of prophylactic administration.
INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) has been reported with a great number of medications and contributes to ∼ 20% of hospital admissions. l-carnitine owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties has been proposed as a candidate for nephroprotection against DIN. Increasing need to use nephrotoxic therapeutic agents necessitated this review. AREAS COVERED: The present review covers all published clinical and animal researches on nephroprotective effects of l-carnitine against DIN. l-carnitine significantly ameliorates DIN in animal studies especially against cisplatin-induced renal damage. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, matrix remodeling and apoptosis, anti-inflammatory properties and improvement in carnitine deficiency has been suggested as probable nephroprotective mechanisms of l-carnitine. EXPERT OPINION: In spite of the evidences that support the nephroprotective effect of l-carnitine, the main problems in this area are inadequacy of reliable studies in humans and difficulty of translating the experimental results into clinical practice. In most of the described studies, l-carnitine treatment is prophylactically given. Use of l-carnitine as a prophylactic agent in clinical situations with an indication for nephrotoxic therapies is rarely possible except for contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Development of validated early biomarkers to detect DIN may provide the opportunity to use prophylactic nephroprotective agents at golden time.
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Jafari et al. (2013) conducted a review in Drug-induced nephrotoxicity. l-carnitine was evaluated. l-carnitine ameliorates drug-induced nephrotoxicity in animal studies, particularly against cisplatin-induced damage, though reliable clinical evidence in humans remains inadequate.
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