A review on analytical models for functionally graded structures

The Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are considered an advanced composite, as initially proposed in Japan. The most interesting advantage of this type of material is the continuity in a desired direction of the structural component (Shell, plate, or beam). Functionally Graded (FG) plates find applications in various engineering sectors and industries, including mechanical, biomedical, nuclear, and aerospace engineering. This increase in technical applications of FGMs has attracted the attention of many scientists. In this paper, the various analytical theories named Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) and three-dimensional (3D) elasticity are presented and explained. Also, bibliographical research of the behaviors of the laminated composite, FGM in one- and two-dimensional structures, such as (beam, plate/shell) under various loading types, axial, transversal, thermal, and thermomechanical.