Antibacterial activity and qualitative phytochemical screening of selected extracts against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

The research investigates the antibacterial properties of methanolic leaf extracts from Acacia mangium, Anacardium occidentale , and Swietenia mahagoni . These extracts were tested against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Among the tested plants, Acacia mangium methanolic extract demonstrated the strongest antibacterial effect, with both MIC and MBC values recorded at 5000 ppm. In contrast, Anacardium occidentale extract showed moderate antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC at 7500 ppm, while Swietenia mahagoni exhibited minimal effectiveness. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds in Acacia mangium methanol extract, including flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. These compounds are known to contribute to antibacterial properties, suggesting that Acacia mangium could serve as a viable alternative to chemical pesticides for managing BLB in rice crops. The findings highlight the potential of using Acacia mangium extracts as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for crop protection against bacterial infections, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals in agriculture.