Probiotics and oral microbiota: problems and prospects

The oral microbiome is a complex ecosystem that plays a key role in maintaining oral and overall health. Dysbiosis contributes to the development of common diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, and can alter the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases. Probiotics have become a promising therapeutic and preventive strategy, exerting their effect through various mechanisms. Clinical studies and meta-analyses indicate the potential benefit of a number of probiotic strains, but the effectiveness of probiotics depends on the specific strain, dosage, duration of use, and other factors.