Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are defined by a gradual loss of neuron structure and function, which ultimately results in cognitive, motor, and functional decline. Even though these disorders can manifest in various ways, they often share similar pathological mechanisms, including protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and impaired autophagy. This review focuses on our current knowledge of these common molecular pathways, recent advancements in diagnostic biomarkers, and new therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease. A better understanding of the overlapping and distinct mechanisms of neurodegeneration may lead to the development of more effective, targeted interventions. When it comes to treating neurological disorders, the primary focus is on relieving symptoms, slowing the disease's progression, improving overall quality of life, and helping individuals maintain their independence. Depending on the condition at hand, treatment strategies might aim to tackle the underlying issues, adjust neurotransmitter functions, decrease neuroinflammation, or support nerve protection and healing. Getting an early diagnosis and providing personalized, collaborative care are key to optimizing results and minimizing long-term challenges In this paper we will review the diagnosis, etiology, genetics, epidemiology, course, and treatment of AD. Keywords: AD, Dementia, Amyloid-beta (Aβ), Tau protein / tauopathy, Memory loss
N.Waghmare et al. (Sun,) studied this question.