Experiences of Epistemic Injustice in the Spanish Psychiatric System: A Qualitative Analysis from the Perspective of Mental Health Activists

Introduction: This study explores the critical discourse of patients and activists regarding their personal experiences within the Spanish Psychiatric System, highlighting the challenges they face when interacting with mental health professionals and resources. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative design was employed. From 2021 to 2022, five focus groups (n=32) were conducted with individuals diagnosed with mental health issues. The participants’ varied interactions within the psychiatric system provided insights into their diverse experiences and perspectives. Results: Participants frequently reported not feeling adequately listened to by mental health professionals, lacking involvement in decisions concerning their treatment, and experiencing barriers to full societal participation due to their psychiatric diagnoses. Discussions: Through Fricker’s concept of epistemic injustice, examples of testimonial and hermeneutic injustice were identified, highlighting how patients feel their voices and experiences are undervalued, impacting both their care and their ability to engage as citizens. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the urgent need to involve patients in decisions regarding their treatment, based on their own experiences, and to improve their societal inclusion, ensuring that their perspectives are heard and respected.