Identification and application of promoters and terminators for plant synthetic biology

Plant synthetic biology is an emerging field that combines bioinformatics, computational gene circuit design, and plant science. It has the potential to be applied in various areas, including the production of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, biofuels, and various biomaterials, including plant natural products (PNP). This review highlights recent advancements in plant synthetic biology, particularly in the development and application of biological parts such as promoters and terminators, which play a crucial role in precise gene expression regulation. Furthermore, this review clarified the identification and utilization of bidirectional promoters, which are essential for gene pyramiding, and the significance of maintaining a balance between promoter and terminator combinations for the stability of transgene expression. Furthermore, large-scale identification of promoters using ATAC-Seq and STARR-Seq, as well as deep learning-based models for predicting promoter regions and their transcriptional activity, are discussed. This review provides insights into the identification and application of bioparts in plant synthetic biology to achieve efficient and precise gene regulation.