Role of Pathya Apathya in the management of Surgical Disorders - A Review Article

In the science of Ayurveda, the management of Shalya Vikāras (surgical disorders) is not limited to surgical intervention alone, but also emphasizes a comprehensive approach that includes Āhāra (diet), Vihāra (lifestyle), and Manasika Bhāva (mental state). The principles of Pāthya (wholesome regimen) and Apāthya (unwholesome regimen) hold significant importance in the pre-operative (Pūrvakarma), operative (Pradhānakarma), and post-operative (Pascātkarma) phases of Shalyakarma. Classical texts like Suśruta Saṁhitā and Caraka Saṁhitā strongly emphasize that even a well-performed surgery may not yield desired results if Pāthya-Apāthya is neglected. Proper observance of Pāthya aids in Agnidīpana (enhancing digestive fire), Dhātu Pushti (nourishment of tissues), Vraṇa Ropaṇa (wound healing), and in the prevention of Upadravas (complications). Conversely, indulgence in Apāthya can lead to Agnimāndya, Āma Sanchaya, and delayed recovery. Modern evidence also supports that nutrition and lifestyle influence surgical outcomes, wound healing, and immunity. Thus, the inclusion of Pāthya-Apāthya in the management protocol of surgical disorders ensures a holistic, cost-effective, and patient-centric approach. This article explores the Saṁhitā-based references, clinical relevance, and modern correlations of Pāthya-Apāthya in the effective management of Surgical Disorders.