Implementation Challenges of NEP 2020: A Policy Review

With a focus on inclusive, transdisciplinary, and holistic learning, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 offers a revolutionary agenda for India's educational system. Although it has a progressive vision, there are significant obstacles to implementation. Inadequate funding, inadequate teacher preparation, problems with government coordination, systemic gaps including outdated curricula, the digital divide and infrastructure deficiencies are some of the main challenges. Reforms like MERUs and the Academic Bank of Credits face regulatory obstacles and institutional opposition in higher education. Progress is further hampered by the lack of precise deadlines and oversight procedures. The paper makes the case that a planned, wellfunded, and cooperative approach including all stakeholders is necessary for successful implementation