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September 5, 2025

Bridging the Rural–Urban Divide: Analysing India’s Strides in Essential Amenities Through NFHS Data

Key Points

Significant improvements in rural amenities have occurred, reducing the rural-urban disparity over recent years.
Data from the NFHS-5 Survey shows that access to electricity and banking has equalized between rural and urban areas.
Continued disparities in sanitation and housing indicate that further efforts are needed for equitable access in rural regions.
Mission-oriented schemes have driven progress in basic amenities but substantial gaps still require attention for inclusive development.

Abstract

Over the past two decades, India’s development policies have focused on addressing fundamental human needs through mission-oriented schemes, analysed in this Note using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) spanning nearly 30 years. Targeted mission-oriented schemes and public awareness campaigns have significantly improved access to basic amenities, with faster progress observed in rural areas, reducing rural–urban disparities. The NFHS-5 Survey (2019–2021) indicates the disappearance of the rural–urban gap in electricity and banking access, previously evident in NFHS-4 (2015–2016). Despite notable improvements in rural sanitation, LPG usage and pucca house construction, a substantial rural–urban disparity persists, emphasising the need for continued efforts to ensure equitable access for comprehensive and inclusive development.

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Cite This Study

Vachaspati Shukla (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68bb4de86d6d5674bcd01a3f https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561251365304

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