Robots in space exploration

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide details of the role played by robots in space exploration. Design/methodology/approach Following an introduction, this, first, provides details of robotic lunar and Martian rovers. It then discussed the role of robots on spacecraft, notably the International Space Station (ISS) and then considers the applications of humanoids. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn. Findings In the early years of lunar exploration, robotic rovers provided images and much geophysical data, whereas later Martian rovers have contributed significantly to an understanding of the planet’s structure and environment. Data continues to be generated and will assist in the planning of future manned missions. The ISS and its recent Chinese counterpart exploit large robotic arms to conduct a range of vital tasks. Experimental, free-floating robots have been deployed within the ISS to assist astronauts by conducting routine tasks and monitoring the spacecraft’s systems. Several humanoids have been deployed experimentally on the ISS and are expected to play a role by supporting astronauts in future missions to the Moon and beyond. Originality/value This provides an insight into how robots are contributing to space exploration.