The Classification System in Para Judo: Transitions, Performance Outcomes, and Future Challenges

This study evaluated the transition from the former visual-impairment classification (B1–B3) to the new J1/J2 model in Para judo, focusing on its impact on fairness and performance. Previously, Para athletes with different levels of visual impairment competed together, often disadvantaging totally blind (B1) Para athletes. In response to this imbalance, the International Blind Sports Federation introduced the J1 and J2 classes in 2022, based on visual functional, and a reduction in weight categories to improve equity. An analysis of competition outcomes over the last years in Paralympic Games suggests that the new system reduces performance disparities between classifications. However, broader weight categories within classes may create new fairness concerns. The study concludes that the revised classification constitutes a significant advancement toward enhanced inclusion and competitive equity. Nevertheless, continuous evaluation, potential refinement of weight divisions, and rigorous enforcement against intentional misrepresentation remain critical to preserving the integrity of Para judo.