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Active Labor Market Policy in Indonesia: Challenges of the Pre-Employment Card, Wage Subsidy, and Job Loss Insurance Programs

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Qualitative analysis of pre-employment card, wage subsidy, and job loss insurance programs, indicating implications for worker welfare.

The implementation of active labor market policy programs improved worker welfare in Indonesia, despite facing significant challenges.
Key improvements observed included enhanced skills and financial stability among workers, with digital literacy emerging as a major barrier.
Qualitative literature-based analysis of existing academic journals and reports highlighted various implementation constraints faced by these programs.
The findings imply the need for improved program design and digital infrastructure to optimize long-term benefits and efficacy.

Muhyiddin et al. (2025) studied this question.

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