Literature review and case analysis identify digitalization as key to smart tourism growth in GBA, highlighting regional collaboration.
The proliferation of artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing has made smart tour-ism a pivotal driver of cultural-tourism transformation. Despite its geographical and cultural advantages, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) faces fragmented re-sources, weak cross-border coordination, and data barriers. This study employs literature re-view, case analysis, field investigation, and panel regression to examine digital empowerment in resource integration and smart tourism system design. Findings reveal that digital infrastruc-ture and regional collaboration significantly promote industry growth, whereas GDP expansion alone has limited impact. The study introduces the “121” development model and a digitally empowered cultural-tourism innovation eco-system, underscoring technological application, value alignment, and governance synergy. Theoreti-cally, it illuminates integration pathways under cross-institutional settings and enriches discourses on smart tourism ecosystems and re-gional governance. By 2030, the GBA is expected to emerge as a world-class smart tourism hub.
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Li et al. (2025) studied this question.
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