Genetic polymorphisms and risks for developing of occupational pathology (literature review)

Introduction. Currently, the main attention is paid to the detection of genetic diseases, but information on genetic polymorphisms responsible for differences in the human body’s response to the effects of harmful industrial factors is still insufficient. The review systematizes and summarizes contemporary data on the study of genetic polymorphisms as risk markers for the development of occupational diseases (dust lung pathology, chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds and vibration disease). Collecting literary sources was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Scopus, and CyberLeninka, using specific keywords and phrases: single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes, occupational diseases, dust lung pathology, vibration disease, miners, chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds, aluminum workers. The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of dust lung pathology in miners. The data on the association of some genetic polymorphisms with the development of dust lung pathology is presented. The connection of a number of genes with the changes in the function of external respiration in subjects working in harmful conditions o It is shown that f coal mining is shown. The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds. Chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds is shown to occupy a leading position in the structure of occupational incidence in aluminum workers, therefore the main polymorphisms associated with the development of this pathology are given. The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of vibration disease. Analysis of literature data on predicting the risk for the development of the vibration disease allowed identifying a number of candidate genes reliably associated with the development of this occupational disease – caspase-8 (CASP8 gene), heat shock protein family 70 (HSPA1B gene), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1 gene). Conclusion. The data presented in the review indicate to the significant contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the development of occupational pathology. Information about the risks for developing occupational diseases contributes to more accurate diagnosis, prevention, postponement, and also reduces the intensity of identified symptoms through timely medical and preventive measures.