Using a VR Beerpong game in postoperative Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study on User Acceptance in a Clinical Setting (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR)–based rehabilitation has shown promise in neurological and musculoskeletal settings, but evidence regarding its acceptance and usability in postoperative physiotherapy remains limited. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to evaluate the usability and acceptance of a VR-based rehabilitation application among postoperative patients and physiotherapists in a clinical setting. METHODS Thirty-five postoperative patients and seven physiotherapists participated in a usability evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and a self-developed questionnaire assessing attitudes toward VR-supported physiotherapy. Usability ratings were analyzed across age groups and genders. Descriptive statistics summarized responses on motivation, distraction, supplementation, and preferences regarding VR use. RESULTS The overall mean SUS score was 73.21 (SD = 13.74), indicating ‘excellent’ usability. No significant differences in usability ratings were found between age groups or genders. Most patients (83%) agreed that the VR scenario increases motivation, and 92% viewed VR exercises as a useful supplement to conventional physiotherapy. Physiotherapists reported an average SUS score of 74.64 (SD = 10.04) and expressed positive attitudes toward VR implementation. However, only 20% of patients believed VR could replace traditional therapy entirely. CONCLUSIONS VR-based rehabilitation applications are generally well accepted and perceived as usable by both patients and physiotherapists in postoperative settings. These findings support further investigation through larger, controlled trials to assess long-term usability, clinical efficacy, and integration into routine care.