Conservation Insights for the Elusive Madras Hedgehog (Paraechinus nudiventris): Prioritizing Regions in Tamil Nadu, India

Anthropogenic pressures are increasingly threatening many species, especially elusive ones with limited baseline data. The Madras hedgehog, a nocturnal species in the urbanized landscapes of Tamil Nadu, India, exemplifies this issue. Understanding its distribution and conservation status is critical for informing effective protection strategies. This study aimed to map the distribution of the Madras hedgehog and identify ecological factors influencing its habitat. Conducted from June 2016 to March 2023 in Tamil Nadu, we used spotlight surveys, local questionnaire surveys, fieldwork across diverse habitats, and a review of historical literature. These methods helped map hedgehog presence and created species distribution models for the region. Our findings show that approximately 7,737 km² of Tamil Nadu is suitable for the Madras hedgehog. Key ecological factors affecting its distribution were identified as "mean annual temperature" and "isothermality." The most suitable habitats are near forests, at lower elevations, close to water bodies, and away from urban and agricultural areas. The species showed a preference for moderate temperature zones, with habitat suitability declining in warmer regions. These insights are vital for understanding the hedgehog's habitat needs and guiding conservation strategies. Incorporating our ecological findings into urban planning and landscape management can enhance conservation efforts, particularly for nocturnal species in urban environments. By establishing wildlife corridors and promoting green infrastructure, we can mitigate habitat fragmentation and support the survival of the Madras hedgehog and similar species.