Writing as cognitive rehabilitation in MCI and dementia: a systematic review of therapeutic benefits and applications

Background Dementia, a worldwide health issue characterized by cognitive and functional deterioration, requires effective non-pharmacological interventions. Writing-based therapies, including Handwriting and typing, enhance memory, attention, and executive functions, providing cognitive, emotional, and social advantages. This systematic review examines the changing role of writing in dementia rehabilitation. Methods In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (1991–2024) were examined. Data were extracted utilizing EndNote 21, concentrating on demographics, and effects of writing. Methodological quality was evaluated employing modified Cochrane and Effective Public Health Practice Project instruments. Results The systematic review highlights writing-based interventions, such as journaling, poetry, Chinese calligraphy, and memory notebooks, as effective instruments for cognitive, emotional, and social rehabilitation in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. These techniques improve memory, identity, emotional control, and cognitive resilience, while cultural and multimodal approaches provide supplementary advantages. Conclusion This review emphasizes writing as an accessible and culturally appropriate therapeutic approach for cognitive rehabilitation in dementia. Calligraphy activities combine memory, motor skills, and concentration, providing cost-effective tools to improve mental and emotional health while fostering cultural connection and engagement.