This article provides a critical analysis of the recent trade agreement between Indonesia and the United States, about the achievement of Indonesia’s Vision 2045. The examination is approached through the frameworks of National Resilience, Energy Security, and Strategic Trade Alignment. This report shows that the agreement provides some direct tariff concessions. The concept of national resilience is concretely manifested through the Astagatra framework. It’s an interdisciplinary model that describes the relationship between the natural aspects (Trigatra) and social aspects (Pancagatra) of Indonesia. The framework provides a thorough description of Indonesia's various characteristics, acknowledging them as important strategic assets in achieving national goals. The results indicate that Indonesia must adop a sophisticated strategic approarch to mitigate potential negative impacts.
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Tarigan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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