Neurofeedback Training for Cognitive Optimization: Effects on Performance and Workload in a Simulation Task

Neurofeedback (NF) training allows individuals to learn to control brain activity with the aid of real-time electroencephalography (EEG) feedback, with possible applications in attention and cognitive control. Although its influences have been confirmed in lab tests, NF’s use in active, high-pressure situations has yet to be studied. This study examined NF’s effect on cognitive performance and workload in a simulated “search and shoot” task. Forty individuals were randomly assigned to an NF or control group. Both underwent three sessions, but only the NF group received real-time EEG-based visual feedback on their focus. Pre- and post-training measures included enemies neutralized, shots fired, survival time, and subjective workload (NASA-TLX). The NF group showed significantly better performance and a greater reduction in perceived workload. While both groups improved with time, only the NF group showed consistent gains. These findings support NF’s feasibility for simulation-based training. Future work should explore long-term and real-world applications.