Assessment of patients' awareness of the significance of x-ray warning signs in Nigerian tertiary hospitals: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: X-rays play a crucial role in modern medical practice, enabling more accurate diagnoses of diseases and injuries. However, despite its clinical significance, X-rays have been associated with potentially harmful biological effects if not properly managed; hence, the need for radiation optimization and adherence to safety protocols. This study evaluates patients’ awareness of the significance of X-ray warning signs, their understanding of the signs used, and their knowledge of the effects of radiation on biological cells. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2025 at the radiology departments of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE) in Enugu, Nigeria. Well-structured questionnaires consisting of 20 questions and three sections were adopted. Data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and descriptive statistics, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: 186 questionnaires were received and analyzed, and the gender distribution was equal (50% male, 50% female). Most patients (69.9%) were aware of the warning signs, with the X-ray indicator light being the most seen (56.2%). Fewer recognized warning labels (35.4%) or radiation symbols (32.3%). The majority (57.5%) reported no difficulty understanding the X-ray warning light, signal/signs, and 67.2% obeyed the warning observed. Conclusion: Patients in the studied hospitals demonstrated good knowledge of the significance of X-ray warning signs. However, there is a need for hospitals to initiate a laid-down policy to educate patients on radiation safety protocols, improve their understanding of warning signs, and ultimately prevent accidental radiation exposure.