Arthroscopic treatments for the musculoskeletal system: current status and future perspectives

Purpose: Arthroscopic treatment has become a cornerstone of minimally invasive treatment in the field of orthopedic surgery. Initially developed as a diagnostic modality, arthroscopy has developed into a highly effective therapeutic technique. This review aims to summarize the historical development, current advancements, and future directions of arthroscopic treatment.Current Concepts: Since its introduction in the early 20th century, arthroscopy has expanded from a diagnostic tool for knee disorders to a therapeutic modality applicable to nearly all major joints. In Korea, nationwide data demonstrate a consistent increase in arthroscopic procedures, accompanied by improved clinical outcomes. Technological progress, including high-definition imaging systems, advanced surgical instruments, and innovative suture anchors consisting of various materials, has increased both the precision and safety of these procedures. Nevertheless, arthroscopic surgery remains technically demanding due to its limited visual field and the requirement for strong spatial perception. Recent innovations, such as three-dimensional arthroscopy, have been attempted to address these limitations.Discussion and Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment for musculoskeletal disorders continues to evolve through integration with emerging technologies and biologic therapies. Although challenges remain, including high costs and the need for robust clinical evidence, arthroscopy will continue to serve as a pivotal modality in delivering effective, patient-centered, and minimally invasive treatment in orthopedic practice.