Beyond Sex Differences: Body Composition and Dietary Behaviors

Dietary behaviors influence nutrient intake and body composition, both of which are important determinants of an individual’s overall health. This study investigated sex differences in the associations between dietary behaviors and body composition. Using a cross-sectional design, adults completed the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) and food cravings (FCI) to assess dietary behaviors. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Relative to males, there were significantly higher levels of cognitive restraint and emotional eating in females. Males exhibited greater cravings for fatty foods and a higher frequency of acting on those cravings. Body fat percentage was positively correlated with emotional eating and cognitive restraint in both sexes. These results suggest that gender and body fat are key factors related to dietary behaviors.