Effects of nuclear surface dynamics on fusion and multinucleon transfer reactions

The effects of nuclear surface dynamics on both fusion and multinucleon transfer reactions are investigated simultaneously within the framework of the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. The capture processes of ⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁸Pb systems are simulated using different surface energy coefficients. It is found that a larger surface energy coefficient reduces the Coulomb barrier height, thereby enhancing the capture cross section. For the multinucleon transfer reactions of ⁵⁸Ni+²⁰⁸Pb and ⁶⁴Ni+²⁰⁸Pb, we find that a strong surface energy significantly inhibits isospin diffusion processes between the collision partners and reduces the probability of fusion-fission events. Furthermore, an enhanced surface energy extends the lifetime of the dinuclear system, resulting in larger deflection angles for projectile-like fragments in deep-inelastic collisions.