Parametric sensitivity analysis of Archimedes screw turbines for high-efficiency and sustainable hydropower

Archimedes Screw Turbines (ASTs) have emerged as a sustainable solution for low-head hydropower, especially in rural and remote areas. However, a systematic evaluation of the design parameters influencing AST performance remains lacking. This study addresses this gap through a comprehensive review and MATLAB-based parametric sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal operating conditions for ASTs. Key parameters examined include inclination angle (25º-35º), diameter ratio (0.45–0.55), pitch ratio (1–1.5), number of blades (optimal at 3), and rotational velocity (50–100 rpm). Results show that AST efficiency increases with flow rate, although excessive flow induces leakage losses, thereby reducing overall performance. The study also emphasizes the dual utility of ASTs for energy generation and water lifting. Notably, this is the first effort to present a comparative analysis of all significant influencing parameters using a sensitivity analysis of parameters. The findings enhance understanding of AST design and performance, supporting more efficient and sustainable deployment. With minimal impact on aquatic ecosystems, ASTs are validated as environmentally friendly and viable for decentralized, off-grid renewable energy applications. This research contributes to refining AST implementation strategies and advancing their role in sustainable hydropower development.