Adoption and utilization of mobile technology in e-learning: driving digital inclusion and economic growth

The object of research: The object of the research explores the adoption and utilization of mobile technology in e-learning systems, particularly its role in creating inclusive digital education ecosystems and driving economic growth for individuals, communities, and SMEs. Investigated problem: This study investigates the use of mobile technology in e-learning by analyzing 13 key factors that influence its adoption, including technology availability, affordability, digital competence, content quality, social and organizational support, frequency and intensity of use, digital inclusion, economic growth, productivity, skills enhancement, and innovation and entrepreneurship. These factors are examined for their impact on digital inclusion and economic growth. The main scientific results: The study confirms that the adoption of mobile technology in e-learning is significantly influenced by certain key factors, while others show limited impact. Specifically, the structural model reveals that infrastructure development (ID) strongly influences perceived effectiveness (PE) and adoption (AD) has a significant impact on learning performance (FP). Convergent validity and reliability tests confirm the robustness of the measurement model, and multicollinearity is not an issue. However, affordability (KJ), content quality (KK), and technology availability (KT) do not have a significant direct effect on technology adoption. This suggests that while traditional assumptions around affordability and availability are important, other contextual and supporting factors play a more decisive role in driving adoption and enhancing learning outcomes in mobile e-learning environments. The area of practical use of the research results: This research was conducted within the context of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) located in the Semarang area, Indonesia. The practical implications of the findings are directly relevant to the digital transformation and e-learning adoption strategies among MSME actors in this region. Innovative technological product: The technological product developed in this research is an e-learning system specifically designed for MSMEs (micro, small, and medium enterprises). This system provides a flexible and accessible platform that enables MSME actors to gain knowledge, improve skills, and adopt digital tools relevant to their business operations. Scope of the innovative technological product: The practical application of the e-learning system focuses on improving the digital skills and business knowledge of MSME (micro, small, and medium enterprise) actors in Semarang, Indonesia