Microbiological and Clinical Epidemiology of Lomentospora prolificans infections

Lomentospora prolificans (formerly Scedosporium prolificans) is an emerging fungal pathogen, affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Treatment is difficult due to intrinsic resistance against multiple anti-fungal agents. We describe five patients with L. prolificans infections attending a tertiary care center in South India. Out of the 5 patients, 4 patients presented with deep seated infection, and 1 with disseminated disease. Risk factors included uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, advanced HIV infection, T cell lymphoblastic leukemia, carcinoma breast, and immunosuppressant therapy. L. prolificans as an important causative agent of deep seated and disseminated mycoses among immunocompromised patients.