Research Progress on the Application of 3D-Printed Bioscaffolds in the Repair of Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Defects

Maxillofacial soft tissue defects are common clinical conditions that significantly affect patients function and appearance. Traditional repair methods, such as autotransplantation and allotransplantation, have achieved certain effects in some cases but still face numerous issues, including donor site injury, limited donor resources, and immune rejection. In recent years, the rapid development of three-dimensional printing (3D printing) technology has provided new ideas and possibilities for the repair of maxillofacial soft tissue defects. This paper reviews the latest research progress of 3D-printed bioscaffolds in this field, focusing on the analysis of key factors such as scaffold material selection, structural design, and biocompatibility evaluation. Meanwhile, the paper discusses the performance of 3D-printed bioscaffolds in preclinical research and practical clinical applications, demonstrating their potential advantages such as personalized customization and promotion of tissue regeneration. However, the current technology still faces challenges, including the long-term stability and functionality of scaffolds. In summary, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application of 3D-printed bioscaffolds in the repair of maxillofacial soft tissue defects and prospect their future development directions.