The Evolving Nature of Cargo Theft at Kilindini Harbour, Mombasa-Kenya Between the Year 2020 and 2024

Cargo theft remains a persistent and complex challenge in global trade, inflicting significant economic losses and undermining supply chain security. Maritime trade constitute a critical backbone of Kenya’s economy, the persistence of cargo theft undermines both port efficiency and regional commerce. A study was conducted to analyze seaport security measures in preventing cargo theft at Kilindini Harbour in Mombasa, Kenya. The primary data collected included responses on cases of cargo theft reported between 2020 and 2024. The study applied Rational Choice Theory (RCT) and Defensible Space Theory (DST) to examine the patterns, timing, and methods of cargo theft, including the types of goods most targeted and the operational tactics employed by offenders. This paper is a detailed explanation on the evolving nature of cargo theft at the seaport. The findings indicates that high-value and easily resalable goods such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and automotive parts are the primary targets. Theft incidents are most common during late-night hours, weekends, and the rainy season period which is associated with reduced oversight. The modus operandi of cargo thieves ranges from tactics like identity fraud, fictitious pickups, and insider collusion which further complicate prevention efforts. The study concludes with practical recommendations to enhance port security, including improved surveillance, digital verification, staff vetting, and inter-agency coordination. These findings offer valuable insights for port authorities, policy makers, and security professionals seeking to reduce maritime cargo theft in East Africa. Additionally, offer insight into the criminological dynamics of maritime cargo theft and inform international security responses and policy. The study also underscores the need for harmonized global security standards, better data sharing, and integrated port security frameworks.