The rapid population and economic growth in India have led to a significant rise in energy demand. Meeting this demand through renewable energy is critical, as fossil fuel-based energy generation contributes heavily to greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy development offers a sustainable and comprehensive approach to addressing the dual challenges of climate change mitigation and energy security. This paper evaluates the current status of renewable energy development in India and its role in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. A detailed analysis of trends in solar, wind, and hydropower development reveals that India’s installed solar capacity is 82 GW, with an additional 88 GW under development. Wind energy accounts for approximately 46 GW of installed capacity, with 32 GW under development. Hydropower contributes 47 GW of installed capacity, with 18 GW under development. Together, these sources amount to approximately 175 GW of renewable energy capacity. Despite significant progress, India faces substantial challenges in achieving its ambitious renewable energy target of 500 GW by 2030. This paper highlights various programs initiated by the Government of India to promote renewable energy and ensure sustainable development. Additionally, it identifies key challenges in meeting the targets and recommends innovative solutions to overcome these hurdles, paving the way for a sustainable energy future.
Sharif et al. (Mon,) studied this question.