Evaluation of the Interrelationship Between Serum Osteocalcin Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action,which influences not only glucose homeostasis but also bone metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that bone derived biomarkers such as osteocalcin, along with vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), may play a role in glycemic regulation. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Medicine,Index Medical College,Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, from January 2023 to January 2024. A total of 200 participants were enrolled, including 100 diagnosed T2DM patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Fasting blood sugar(FBS),random blood sugar(RBS),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were measured as glycemic parameters. Serum osteocalcin, vitamin D,and PTH were analyzed as bone metabolism biomarkers using standard biochemical assays.Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate correlations between bone markers and glycemic indices