Comparison of 25-hydroxy vitamin D with FBG and 2 hours postprandial glucose between type 2 diabetic and healthy normoglycemic individuals

Background: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and lipid regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and glycemic as well as lipid profiles in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Biochemistry and Biochemistry & Cell Biology Departments of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 200 participants aged between 30 and 70 years were selected from the outpatient department, including both type 2 diabetic patients and healthy, non-diabetic individuals. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A comprised 130 type 2 diabetic patients and Group B included 70 healthy normoglycemic controls. A purposive (convenient) sampling technique was used. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in T2DM patients (22.37±8.34 ng/ml) compared to controls (28.92±10.46 ng/ml; p<0.001). In the diabetic group, vitamin D levels showed significant inverse correlations with fasting glucose, HbA1c and postprandial glucose. Additionally, serum 25 (OH)D was negatively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and positively with HDL cholesterol. No significant correlations were observed in the non-diabetic group. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in individuals with T2DM and is significantly associated with poor glycemic control and atherogenic lipid profiles. These findings highlight the potential role of vitamin D in the metabolic regulation of diabetic patients and suggest the need for further interventional studies.