Electron jets in toroidal self-generated magnetic fields of nonextensive laser-produced plasma

Under the framework of nonextensive distribution, the modulation instabilities of annular self-generated magnetic fields and electron jets formed during laser-plasma interactions under both relativistic and non-relativistic conditions have been investigated; the velocity expression of electron jets has been further derived via self-similar collapse solutions. Analysis of both non-relativistic and relativistic magnetic modulation instabilities indicates that toroidal self-generated magnetic fields tend to undergo self-similar collapse, thereby driving electrons to escape along the axial direction and resulting in collimated jet formation. Furthermore, the maximum growth rate of modulational instability exhibits a positive correlation with electron jet velocity. The current work contributes to a deeper understanding of the formation process of electron jets under nonextensive distribution.