Wearable Point-of-Care Biosensor for Biomolecular Assay in Health Monitoring

Wearable biosensors represent a significant advancement in preventive health monitoring by enabling early disease detection through real-time bioanalysis. This review examines the evolution of point-of-care testing (POCT), with a focus on materials, fabrication techniques, and real-world applications. These biosensors utilize advanced materials, such as supramolecular hydrogels, and innovative manufacturing methods, providing high sensitivity, specificity, and portability. They enable continuous monitoring of biomolecules─including proteins, nucleic acids, and pathogens─in peripheral body fluids, thereby supporting the early diagnosis of diseases such as infections, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. The integration of wireless data transmission and artificial intelligence further enhances the applicability of these devices in both clinical and remote healthcare settings. The implementation of such technologies shows potential for reducing healthcare expenditures and improving therapeutic outcomes. However, challenges remain in standardizing POCT protocols, ensuring cost-effectiveness, and safeguarding patient data privacy. This review underscores the potential of wearable biosensors in global healthcare while emphasizing the necessity for continued research to address current limitations.