Preeclampsia and maternal mortality: trends and risk factors

Maternal mortality, defined as death during pregnancy or up to 42 days after delivery, is a serious public health problem. This study aims to relate preeclampsia (PE) to maternal mortality by analyzing data on its incidence and associated risk factors. A systematic review was conducted, focusing on articles published in the last ten years, using databases such as Google Scholar, Lilacs, and PubMed. The results reveal that the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) exceeded the alert threshold in Brazil, with the highest rates among women aged 26 to 32 years. Hypertension and hemorrhages are the main causes of maternal death, accounting for two-thirds of fatalities, with PE contributing significantly. The study also indicates that insufficient prenatal care and a lack of accurate diagnoses still pose significant challenges. Additionally, comorbidities, such as hypertension and gestational diabetes, increase the risk of complications. Despite strategies like the use of magnesium sulfate and low-dose aspirin, perinatal mortality remains high. It is concluded that more effective interventions and improvements in the education of pregnant women and training of healthcare professionals are essential to reduce maternal mortality and improve perinatal outcomes.