Drivers of Burnout Among Healthcare Providers: A Systematic Review Anchored in the JD-R Model

Introduction :Burnout among healthcare workers is a critical issue, affecting both their well-being and the quality of patient care. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced professional efficacy, typically resulting from prolonged workplace stress. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model offers a useful framework for understanding how burnout arises due to the imbalance between job demands and available resources. Common predictors include excessive workload, psychological distress, lack of job resources, and interpersonal conflicts. This review aims to identify key predictors of burnout among healthcare workers. Methods: A systematic search of databases, including PubMed and Scopus, was conducted to find studies published between 2000 and 2023. Search terms included "burnout syndrome," "healthcare professionals," and "job stress." The inclusion criteria required studies that focused on healthcare workers and used validated burnout measurement tools such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory. After screening, seven studies were selected for review. Results: Burnout prevalence rates ranged from 10% to 46%, with higher rates in high-stress areas like intensive care units. The main predictors identified were psychological distress, excessive job demands, inadequate resources, and workplace violence. Younger, less experienced healthcare workers were particularly vulnerable to burnout. Most studies used cross-sectional designs with sample sizes between 98 and 2,196 participants. Conclusion : Burnout in healthcare workers is driven by multiple factors, including individual and organizational elements. The JD-R model emphasizes reducing job demands and improving resources. Targeted interventions are essential to reduce burnout and maintain a sustainable healthcare workforce.