The proposed factor graph method improves localisation accuracy in TDM multiple-input multiple-output radars, suggesting enhanced performance over traditional techniques.
In this letter, a novel factor graph approach for moving target localisation in distributed time division multiplexing (TDM) multiple‐input multiple‐output radar systems is proposed. The time‐sequential nature of TDM transmission causes target positions to vary as the target reflects different signals, presenting significant challenges for localisation and making conventional methods inapplicable. To address this issue, we first formulate the nonconvex and highly nonlinear maximum likelihood estimation problem, then develop its factor graph representation. Through appropriate dynamic approximations, an efficient iterative message passing algorithm is developed to solve the problem, with the Cramer–Rao lower bound also derived as a performance benchmark. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Yu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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