Localization algorithm of three-dimensional position and velocity for moving target in multistatic radar system

To estimate the three-dimensional position and velocity of a moving target in multistatic radar system, this paper proposes an efficient localization algorithm using time delay, Doppler shift, and angle of arrival as observations. This algorithm contains three stages. In the first stage, a rough estimate is obtained by introducing redundant parameters and combining the weighted least square method. Then, the rough value is refined based on the constraint relationship in the next stage. Finally, the revised result from the previous process serves as the initial value for the Quasi-Newton method, which iteratively refines the estimate to achieve higher accuracy. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm maintains sufficient estimation accuracy when locating the far-field moving target and the performance can achieve the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) under higher noise levels.