Evaluation of a Training Course for Simulating Head and Neck Ultrasound-guided Core Needle Biopsy

Background: Ultrasound-guided Core Needle Biopsy (US-CNB) is widely used for diagnosing head and neck lesions due to its high accuracy and minimal invasiveness. However, clinicians often face challenges in acquiring the necessary technical skills because of limited exposure during training. Simulation-based learning has emerged as a targeted educational strategy to bridge this gap, allowing trainees to practice in a safe and controlled setting. Previous studies have shown that structured simulation programs can improve procedural confidence and accuracy in various specialties. Yet, evidence regarding their impact on head and neck US-CNB training remains limited. Methods: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured hands-on training workshop focused on head and neck US-CNB. Twenty-three clinicians attended a two-hour theoretical session followed by a two-hour practical training using an agar-agar phantom model. Knowledge was assessed via pre- and post-training multiple-choice questions. Confidence and skill improvement were surveyed, and linear regression analysis factors affecting outcomes. Results: Post-training scores improved significantly (mean increase: 9.83 to 16.87, p < 0.001). Older participants scored marginally higher (0.134 points/year, p = 0.022), but experience did not influence gains (p = 0.243). Most rated the workshop highly, particularly hands-on training, reporting greater confidence and technical skill. Conclusion: Our findings support the growing body of literature that simulation-based training enhances diagnostic biopsy skills. Despite the small cohort and model limitations, the workshop effectively improved knowledge and confidence across different experience levels. Expanding such programs, possibly incorporating advanced technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) or Augmented Reality (AR), may further strengthen future head and neck US-CNB training.