Analysis of High‐Speed Train Operation Accidents Based on the Improved SHIPP

Safety anomalies are the early warning and precursors to major accidents. Preventing such incidents requires robust accident models to identify and mitigate risk factors. This study enhances the system hazard identification, prediction, and prevention (SHIPP) model to develop a safety barrier–based accident analysis framework tailored to high‐speed train operations. The proposed model employs a fault tree to represent the causal relationships among various safety barriers and an event tree to depict the progression from safe operation to catastrophic outcomes. To validate the approach, the study collects a total of 60 cases of operational safety accidents and reconstructs the accident process comprehensively. The causal relationships among contributing factors are visualized clearly, providing a foundation and technical support for accident process analysis and the formulation of preventive measures.