Recent Progress in Nonanolides of Natural Origin: Structures, Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Bioactivities

Nonanolides, a diverse group of secondary metabolites with a unique 10‐membered lactone subunit, are abundant in nature. To date, nonanolides have exhibited various biological activities, including cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, antimalarial activity, antiosteoporosis, and antimicrobial activity. Previous literature has extensively reviewed nonanolides reported from 1975 to July 2011. In the past decade alone, numerous novel nonanolides with intricate structures and remarkable biological activities have been continuously documented. This review provides an overview of naturally occurring nonanolides reported from August 2011 to August 2024, encompassing their occurrence in nature, structural classifications, synthetic strategies, biosynthesis, and biological activities.